Some Thoughts After The Tax Filing Deadline(s)

 

There is something happening in the public accounting profession. The profession itself is aging. The AICPA expected 75% of practicing CPAs to reach retirement age by 2020 – which was four years ago. Many smaller firms do not have succession plans, meaning that an owner’s retirement plan likely involves being acquired by another firm. Fewer college students are pursuing accounting majors, placing stress on recruiting and retaining accountants in the early years of their career. We see firms releasing clients and sometimes entire lines of practice. I know of one which released its trust work, which surprised me. I contributed to this several years ago when we released our inbound (that is, international) work. These clients still need professional advice, but fewer CPAs are providing these services.

On the flip side, it is a great time for someone to start (or grow) an accounting practice. A challenge here is step growth – that is, growth that requires hiring. One circles back to the issue of the talent shortage. A bad hire is damaging, perhaps even more so in a small firm.

Even the IRS is not immune to the talent shortage. In 2019 the IRS employed approximately 75,000 people. The Inflation Reduction Act supposedly provided funds to hire an additional 87,000 people through the year 2031. It hasn’t, of course, as the IRS is competing with every other employer in the market.

I suspect the profession has done much of the damage to itself. One can easily point to the 150-hour requirement for a CPA license. That may have made sense years ago, but with today’s exorbitant college costs that additional year of class, books and housing might be difficult to justify.

And then we have the toxicity of the profession itself. I cannot recall the last time that a CPA my age has not shared his/her “horror” stories: the stress, hours, near-impossible deadlines, psychopathic personalities, power dynamics and whatnot. I remember a managing partner bringing cigars so we could “talk”; we sat outside, and he explained how infeasible it was for me to visit my ailing grandmother in Florida. My grandmother died that year. I also left the firm that year. I suspect Gen Z will not tolerate this behavior as passively, and rightfully so.   

Congress has greatly exacerbated the problem with its never-ending and wildly metastasizing tax changes. It used to be that accountants would spread their tax work over the course of the year by placing their business clients on a fiscal year – that is, a tax year ending other than December 31. This allowed work to be distributed more sanely over the year. Congress changed this in 1986 by requiring almost everyone to use the calendar year. Yes, there was an “out,” and the out was for the business to pay a “deposit” for taxes it would have paid had it changed to a calendar year. I suspect that – even if not a CPA – you can guess how well those client conversations went. Combine that with Congress’ recent-enough 1099 reporting fetish and you have a crippling steamroller than begins in January and ends … well, who know when.  

I think we overstretched ourselves here at Galactic Command this year. Potential clients are calling for appointments, and it can be hard (for some of us) to say no. After the just-concluded September and October extension deadlines, however, we must learn to say no. We do not have the resources, and we are burning the resources – including me – that we do have.    

Then there is AI – will artificial intelligence replace any/some/much of what a CPA does? Depending on what the accountant does, I suppose it is possible. First year audit work, for example, scarcely requires a 150-hour degree. That might be a viable onramp for AI. Then again, I remember when QuickBooks was going to put accounting services departments out of business. It didn’t, and accounting services is one of the most sought-after practice areas in accounting firms today. Will AI take away much of my 1040 workload? 

I hope so.

A Bad Idea

I am reading an abstract for an upcoming article in the Southern California Law Review.

When an electricity provider wants customers to pay their bills monthly, it sends them a bill each month. Yet this is not how the tax system works, at least for independent contractors. Their taxes are due quarterly, but they receive a tax statement (Form 1099) only one time a year. It is up to the individual, then, to know when their taxes are due and how to pay them, and it is on that individual to estimate how much they owe each quarter. As a result, compliance for independent contractors – particularly for online platform workers–tends to be lacking. Failure to pay their estimated taxes subjects these taxpayers to potential penalties and causes the government to collect less tax revenue.

Yep, quarterly taxes for the self-employed. I know a lot about the topic.

There is a simple, yet entirely overlooked, reform that could vastly improve compliance when it comes to paying estimated taxes: third-party information returns (Form 1099s) should be issued to taxpayers on a quarterly basis. The idea is straightforward and intuitive. If the government wants people to pay taxes four times per year, it needs to effectively “bill” them four times per year. This idea is supported by social science research showing that, the more taxpayers are reminded to pay their taxes, the more likely they are to do so.

Sigh.

If only it were so simple.

Unspoken is an arrogance that accounting is just pushing a button. Everything is automated, right, so what is the issue?

Much is automated. More so today than when I started, and it will be more so again when I eventually retire. But much is not all. Much is not necessarily even much.

The presumption that Fortune 500 accounting departments are the norm for businesses will lead to erroneous conclusions, including the one above. There are over 30 million companies in the United States. Less than 1 percent of those are publicly traded, and the Fortune 1000 constitutes a fraction of that fraction. There is an entire economic sector - the self-employeds, the small- and mid-market companies - that are unlikely to have an accountant - much less an accounting department - available to respond to the whims of nonserious minds. Most CPAs - including me – advise that market. When we meet with ownership, we meet with the owner or owners, not an assemblage at an annual shareholder meeting.  When decisions are required, the number of decision makers is few; in many cases, it is only one.

Somehow this overlooked sector represents roughly half of all economic activity and approximately two-thirds of all jobs created in the United States since the 1990s. This sector employs tens of millions, allowing them home ownership, EV purchases, private schools, higher education, smart phones, streaming services, and perhaps an occasional vacation to Disney World.

Can this sector push a button to generate quarterly 1099s because a professor thinks the idea has been “entirely overlooked?” Maybe, but probably not. More likely, they will call their CPA – assuming they have one.

That quarterly 1099 is somehow now in my court.

CPAs want to go home, too.

Then there is the issue of who will prepare these 1099s. I know that accounting literature is not a thing, but glance at the following:

Statistics from the AICPA suggest that 75 percent of current CPAs will retire in the next 15 years.

Does this seem like an appropriate time to further add to the problems of accounting? Many already see a profession facing future demands exceeding its ability to supply.

No, I don’t think that quarterly 1099s are a bright idea.

In fact, maybe the Congressional effort in 1986 to move almost all taxable year-ends to December 31, further compressing our work schedule was – in retrospect – not such a bright idea.  

Notices are the bane of tax practice. One may be a gifted practitioner but send enough penalty notices and even a loyal client begins to question. Maybe the decades of Congress “balancing” budget bills by increasing tax penalties on virtually anything that moves was not such a bright idea.

Maybe the relentless introduction of arbitrary, inconsistent if not preposterous – other than as blatant money grabs - tax laws was not such a bright idea.

Maybe passing tax laws late in the year when there is no time for advisors to react – or even better, passing those laws the following year but with retroactive effect – was not such a bright idea.

Maybe the hubris that just one more surtax, deduction or tax credit will somehow solve the enduring difficulties of the species and pave the highway to heaven was not such a bright idea. 

We are showered by sententious minds bringing bright ideas.

They should be entirely overlooked.